What fundamental right did Voltaire advocate for during the Enlightenment?

Voltaire was a prominent figure of the Enlightenment known for his fervent advocacy of civil liberties and individual rights. Among the rights he championed, freedom of speech stands out as a foundational element of his philosophy. Voltaire famously stated, "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it," which encapsulates his commitment to the idea that all individuals should have the right to express their opinions, even if they differ from the majority or those in power.

While Voltaire also supported freedom of religion, particularly in his criticisms of religious dogma and advocacy for the separation of church and state, his primary focus was on the broader concept of free expression, which he believed was essential to enlightened discourse and the pursuit of truth. The concept of free assembly, although significant, was less emphasized in his writings compared to freedom of speech. The right to bear arms, while a crucial individual right in many societies, was not a focus of Voltaire's work or the underlying ideals he promoted during the Enlightenment. Therefore, the emphasis on freedom of speech is a hallmark of Voltaire's legacy and his contributions to Enlightenment thought.