What was the main invention of Johannes Gutenberg?

Johannes Gutenberg's most significant invention was the printing press, which revolutionized the way information was disseminated. Introduced in the mid-15th century, his movable type printing technology allowed for mass production of texts, making books more accessible and affordable. This innovation played a crucial role in the spread of knowledge and ideas, particularly during the Renaissance and the Reformation, contributing to greater literacy rates and the democratization of knowledge.

The printing press also facilitated the rapid reproduction of works, such as Martin Luther's 95 Theses, which challenged the Catholic Church and sparked widespread religious reform. This shift toward print culture enabled ideas to circulate more widely and rapidly than ever before, fundamentally altering communication and education in Europe and beyond.

Other options, while significant in their own right, do not pertain to Gutenberg's contributions. The compass and globe are related to advancements in navigation and exploration, while the steam engine pertains to the Industrial Revolution, occurring much later than Gutenberg's pivotal work.