What was the primary type of trade conducted on the Indian Ocean trade route?

The Indian Ocean trade route was primarily characterized by the exchange of spices and herbs, making this the most fitting answer. Spices, such as pepper, cinnamon, and cloves, were highly sought after in various markets, especially in Europe and the Middle East. Trade in these commodities facilitated both regional and long-distance commerce, with merchants often traveling great distances to acquire them.

While luxury textiles were also a significant part of trade in this region, they were not the primary type. Textiles, produced primarily in regions like India and China, were valuable but often traded alongside spices rather than being the main focus. Precious metals did feature in trade, particularly as currency or for wealth accumulation; however, their role was secondary to the extensive trade networks built around the spice markets. Bulk goods like grains or basic staples existed but were not the central commodities driving the complex trade networks of the Indian Ocean. Thus, spices and herbs stand out as the true hallmark of trade along this vital maritime route.