Which monotheistic religion was founded by Muhammad?

The correct answer is Islam because it is the monotheistic religion that was established by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE in the Arabian Peninsula. Muhammad is recognized by Muslims as the last prophet in a long line of prophets who delivered God's message to humanity. The teachings of Islam are primarily found in the Quran, which Muslims believe to be the literal word of God as revealed to Muhammad.

In contrast, Judaism and Christianity, which are also monotheistic religions, predate Islam. Judaism is centered on the covenant between God and the Israelites and has its roots in ancient Hebrew traditions. Christianity emerged from Judaism and is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ but was founded before Muhammad started preaching Islam. Buddhism, on the other hand, is a non-theistic religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, which does not center around the worship of a single deity.

Thus, among the listed options, Islam is the only religion founded by Muhammad, shaping the beliefs and practices for millions of followers around the world.