Which philosopher is known for articulating the idea of natural rights?

John Locke is highly regarded for articulating the concept of natural rights, which became a foundational idea during the Enlightenment and significantly influenced modern political philosophy. Locke argued that individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and property simply by virtue of being human. These natural rights are not granted by government but are fundamental entitlements that must be respected and protected by the state. His writings, particularly in "Two Treatises of Government," emphasize that the role of government is to safeguard these rights and that any government failing to do so could be rightfully overthrown.

Locke's philosophy had a profound impact on subsequent thinkers and political movements, notably influencing the American Declaration of Independence and the development of liberal democratic thought. This emphasis on individual rights, justification for government based on consent, and the right to revolt against tyranny remains critical to contemporary discussions about human rights and governance.